Mixing device for fluids.



T. W. MORSE.

MIXING DEVICE FOR FLUIDS.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 11, 1911.

W k j I Patented Sept. 8, 1914.

guuento'c auto z "M s Parana enrich.

enemas w. EZQESE, or earnnson, ivnwrnnsnv; ASSIGNOR, av MESNEsssreimnurs,

a'o rnn nears arnrnon contrast, on new chaser;

arrogant;

0F NEWARK, NEW JERSEY, A CORPORATION MIXING DEVICE FLUIDS.

Patented Sept. 8, 19114.

To all whomit may concern:

Beit known thatii, TrioMAs'l V. Mensa, a citizen of the United States,residing at Paterson, in the county ofFa-ssaic and State of NewJerseyihave invented certain new and useful-Improvements in MixingDevices for Fluids,- of which the following. is a specifica- .tiem- Thisinvention relates to a device particularly adapted for thoroughly mixingtwo or more elements either in a finely divided or a fluid state andwhile particularly adapted for the intermlxing or intermingling of airand fluid or gaseous fuel subsequently to be utilized for the productionof light, heat or power, is not necessarily limited thereto as thedevice might be used for mixing various other materials.-

The principle of the invention is particularly well'applied to mixingdevices such as are used in combination with carbureting devices inorder to more thoroughly mix or commingle the elements which issue fromthe delivery port of a carbureter before their introduction into anexplosive engine.

The general object of my invention is to secure the greater homogenityand reduce stratification of mixtures of air and liquid fuel and securean intimate intermingling of the component parts of the mixture. Theinterposing of battles or intermingling elements against which theliquid particles may impinge, tends toward the securing of this resultbut the increasing of these elements to such an extent as to produce amaterial area of impact surface impedes the progress of the mixture toan objectionable extent. The simple swirling of the mixture is of verylittle effect and the use of fans or other moving parts for breaking upand interminglin the component parts is eflicient if operatemechanically but possesses the objection that it includes moving partswhich require attention or they are liable to get out of order. Incarrying out my invention I produce a swirling of the mixture so thatthe parts thereof travel in a helicoidal path and impinge or strikespaced intermingling elements at an angle to the plane of such elementsThus these elements may be spaced a suflicient distance apart to permitthe free passage of the mix .ture between them but at the same time willlie in the path of the maximum amount of the component parts of themixture. The

transverse area of the passage in the plane of the interminglingelements may be greater if desired than the transverse area of the otherportions of the passage. Thus there may be greater free space throughthe plane or" the intermingl'ing elements than at other points along thepath, but the swirling of the mixture as it encounters the elementsbrings all of the elements into contact with the rapidly moving mixture.Furthermore the component parts of the mixture in being deflected by theinter-minglin elements become more thoroughly ixe entirely aside from ashattering action on the liquid particles.

vA further important feature or" my invention involves the producing ofan increased swirling action upon a decrease in pressure in the conduit.This I may accomplish by forming the helicoidal passage with acomparatively shallow part directly opposite to the outlet from thedevice. The fluid in being drawn directly from this shallow portion isreplaced by the entering fluid. which to fill the void takes on anincreased swirling movement due to the conformation of the walls of thepassage.

A specific embodiment of my'invention is shown in the accompanyingdrawings wherein:

l igure 1 is an elevation of a plurality of explosive engines connectedby a manifold to a carburcter, my improved mixing device being disposedbetween the manifold and the carbureter. Fig. 2 is a partly sectionalview on the line 22 of Fig. 4:, the main portion of the chamber being inelevation. Fig. 3 is a sectional view of the mixing chamber on the line33 of Fig. 4. Fig. 4. is a plan View of the end wall of the mixingchamber. Fig. 5 is a perspective view of the lower section or end wallof the mixing chamber looking downward from above, and Fig. (3 is asectional View of the lower member of the casing taken on the line 6-6of Fig. 4.

My improved mixing device includes a mixing chamber 2, circular in planor section, and having therein a vortex produc- -1ng surface 3 formingin the embodiment of my invention disclosed the inner surface of the endwall 4 of the mixing chamber. This vortex producin surface 3 is soformed as to cause the uid passing through the mixing device. to travelin an approximately helicoidal path. The end wall 4 is ber.

formed with an inlet port 5 which forms the inner extremity of an inletpassage 6. The axis of this passage is tan ential to the circumferentialwall 7 of the c amber, and, as will be seen from Fig. 2, thispassageextends at an acute angle to the outer face 8 of the end wall. From thepoint where the inlet passage 6 enters the chamber, that is, from theport 5, the surface of the end wall approximates the contour of part ofone convolution of an expanding helicoid, the surface extending upwardfrom the inlet opening and around the chamber, the approximate center ofthe helicoid being at the point X in Fig. 4 and hence eccentric to theaxial center of the chamber. It will be seen from Fig. 4 that thesurface 3 of the end wall is a gradually widening helicoid and thatradii drawn from the center X to 20 the side wall gradually get longerand longer, the longest radius being the radius Y extendingdiametrically across the chamand shorter.

It will be observed from the inspection of Figs. 2, 3, Land 5' that thecontour of the surface 3 is such that there is a relatively deep inletportion 9"of the chamber, and

that from this inlet portion the surface 3 sweeps around and upward,gradually and continuously decreasing in pitch, in such manner as tocause a smooth and radual change in the direction of flow of fluidpassing t ereover.

Located within the body 2 of the mixing chamber are one or more spacedinterminglinfg members 10, these members preferab y orming a wire screenof relatively large mesh, the members acting to break up and interminglethe particles of air and gasolene impinging against .the screen orscreens. Preferably, I use a plurality of screens, spaced from eachother as shown in Fig. 3, but I do not wish to confine myself to thisfeature. -Preferably, also, I use wire screen material as a means forthoroughly intermingling the particles of air and fuel but I do not wishto limit myself to this as it is obvious that other elements crossingthe chamber 2 may be used for the same pur ose.

It will e seen that with this construction the charge entering throughthe port 5 will strike against the wall 7 and will be given a circularmovement, while at the same time the helicoidal surface 3 will cause asmooth and gradual change in the direction of the flow of the fluidspassing thereover, and

that this change in direction of the flow will cause the uid to impingeagainst the mixing or intermingling elements 10 at an extremely acuteangle to the general surface of the screens. As aconsequence, theparticles of air and gasolene will be deflected in their course and willfly oflin all From there on, the radii get shorteranew directions,thereby causing a more uniform mixture of the elements of which thecharge is composed. Furthermore, it will be seen that by causing thefluid to be di rectedat an acute angle to the surface of the mixingscreens, all portions of the charge will be caused to impinge a ainstthewire elements of the screens. f the charge passed directly upwardthrough the screens at right angles to the general surface of thescreens, a large portion of the charge would not strike the cross wires'of the screens at all, and the charge would therefore not be as wellmixed or intermingled as it would be if the charge were directed at anacute angle to the screen. It will be seen that the screens thereforecut the path of travel of the particles of the charge at an acute angle,the charge not only traveling toward the screens at an acute angle butalso swirling.

An important factor in my invention resides in the fact that thereduction of the area of the inlet port, as in the case of the closingof the throttle (located at or below said port) which relativelincreases the vacuum tendency resulting rom piston suction, tends torelatively increase the rotary speed of the swirling charge, thusmaintaining approximate constancy of disintegration, diffusion andadmixture under varying throttle conditions such as occur in motorvehicle operation. For instance, with the volume throttled to a minimum,the entering charge will be drawn toward theshallowest portion of thechamber and the whirling motion of the charge, will relatively increaserMy invention is simple, compact. may be easily applied to all forms ofmotors and I have found it in practice to be thoroughly effective, as itincreases the efliciency of the ordinary type of internal combustionmotor by making possible the development of heat units more rapidly andin greatly augmented volume, and through the homogeneity of the mixture,causes constancy in flame propagation of successively ignited charges,increasing the power and thermal efiiciency of the motor and reducingtorque vibration. What I claim is 1. A mixing chamber circular in planhaving substantially an entire end wall inclined from the sides of thechamber to an inlet passage disposed at the deepest portion of thechamber, and entering said chamber tangential to the circular wall o hechamber. 2. A mixing chamber having a series of "spaced comminglingelements extending acrossthe same, the end wall of the chamber opposedto said commingling elements having the contour of one convolution of agradually expanding helicoid, the axis of which is eccentric to the axisof the mizn'ng chamber, the mixing chamber being formed with an inletopening disposed at the initial termination of the helicoid.

3. In a mixing device, a mixing chamber provided with an end wall andhaving an inlet passage opening through said end wall, entering saidchamber tangentially, and entering the mixin chamber at an acute angle.to theouter sur ace of the end wall, and a screen of spaced elementsextending across the chamber at right angles to the axis thereof, theinner surface of the end wall having a helicoidal contour, the axis ofthe helicoid being eccentric to the axis of the chamber and said surfacegradually and continuously'approaching the screen as it extends from theinlet opening.

In a mi'xingdevice, a mixing chamber, spaced commingling elementsdisposed within the chamber andextending across the same in a plane atright angles to the axis of the chamber, said chamber having a surfaceopposed to the commingling elements,

1 said surface having the contour of one convoproximately equal than theinlet.

lution of, a helicoid, the axis of which is eccentric to the axis of thechamber and formedwith an inlet passage opening at the initial point ofsaid'helicoid, the pitch of the helicoidal surface constantly decreasingfrom said' initial point.

5. A circular mixing chamber having an end wall whose inner surfaceapproximates a portion of a convolution of an expanding helicoid andhaving an .inlet opening disposed between the terminations of thehelicoid, said opening having a diameter ap to the diameter of theinitial portion of the helix, and the mixing chamber having an outletlarger in area 6. A device for use in the intake pipes of internalcombustion engines, said devlce beinglocated between the carbureter andthe engme, and acting upon the explosive mixture passing to the engine,for renderingthe latter more homogeneous and including a series ofinterfering or commingling elements extending across said intake pipeandeach disposed in a plane extending approximately'at right angles to theaxis of the adjacent portion of the intake pipe, said elements being ofsuch size and so spaced as to not materially reduce the cross-sectionalarea of the passage in the plane of said elements, and a fixed obliquelyinclined wall closely adjacent to said elements for giving a swirlingmovement to the mixture and dias said drops strike said recting ittoward said interfering elements eak u drops of liquid fuel,

elements.

7 A devlce for use in the intake pipes of internal combustion engines,said device be ing located between the carbureter and the engine, andacting upon the explosive mixture passing to the engine, for renderingthe latter more homogeneous, and including a series of interfering orcommingling elements extending across said intake pipe, said elementsbeing of such size and so spaced as to not materially reduce thecross-sectional area of the passage in the plane of said elements, and afixed obliquely inclined wall closely adjacent to said elements forgiving a swirling movement to the mixture and directing it toward saidinterfering elements in a direction at an acute angle with the plane ofthe latter to break up drops of liquid fuel, as said drops .strike saidelements.

8. A device for use in the intake pipes of internal combustion enginesfor rendering homogeneous the explosive mixture from the carburetercomprising a mixing chamber having spaced interfering elements extendingacross the chamber and a fixed deflecting member havin a helicoidalsurface at the inlet portion 0 said chamber and serving to impart to thefluid a swirling movement as said fluid passes said interferingelements.

9. A device for use in connection with combustible geseous mixturesupply pipes for rendering more homogeneous said mixtures and includingmeans for swirling the mixture and a series of spaced impact interferingelements extending at an acute angle to the path of the mixture andsubstantially at right angles to the axis of the supply pipe.

10. A device for rendering more homoge neous gaseous mixtures containingliquid particles, comprising a stationary helically disposed wall forswirling the mixture about the axis of the device and a series of impactor interfering wires forming a screen and extending in a planetransverse to the path of the mixture at the delivery side of saidhelically disposed wall.

In testimony whereof, I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

THOMAS W. MORSE. [1 s] Witnesses:

JAMES D. CARPENTER, Jr., BENJAMIN T. HAINES.

